Articles

Sosialt Entreprenørskap

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Artikkel No. 96, 2004 / ISSN 1101-346X

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Under industrisamfunnets fremvekst i det 20. århundre ble den sterke stat med sentral styring toneangivende for den sosiale utvikling i de skandinaviske land. Velferdsstatens byråkrati er tilsynelatende et effektivt apparat for kontroll, produksjon og fordeling av sosial omsorg basert på industrisamfunnets behov, men det samme apparat er mindre egnet for utvikling til følge av endrede forhold i den omkringliggende verden. Sentralt dirigert omsorg passer ikke alle og overgangen til tjenestesamfunnet krever sin løsning. Sosialt entreprenørskap kan være en metode å bruke for å tilnærme seg en løsning på den tilsynelatende umettelige og stadig ekspansivt voksende etterspørsel av menneskers behov for hjelp og trøst som de tradisjonelle og vel innarbeidede aktører på den allerede eksisterende arena fra industrisamfunnets tid ikke formår å imøtekomme på en god og tilfredsstillende måte. To prinsipper står mot hverandre; byråkratiets hierarkiske maktapparat hvor informasjon meddeles fra toppen og det private entreprenørskap på lokalt plan med kollegial medvirkning fra interessentenes side. Sosialt entreprenørskap er både et begrep og et fenomen som i svært liten grad er omtalt i skandinavisk sammenheng. Nyere empirisk forskning i Skandinavia viser at det forretningsmessige entreprenørskap er et relevant forskningsområde hvis resultater peker i retning av at det private initiativ hos helt alminnelige mennesker, uten overstyring fra sentrale myndigheter side, er en sterk drivkraft til utvikling i det økonomiske system. En parallell kan kanskje finnes i det sosiale entreprenørskap

Den Sosiale Entreprenør

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Artikkel No. 101, 2006 / ISSN 1101-346X

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Sosiale entreprenører er en betegnelse på foregangsmenn og foregangskvinner i den sosiale sektor i det 21. århundre. De setter sine anstrengelser inn på de områder hvor myndighetene og det frie marked ennå ikke har klart å skape et tilbud av viktige varer og tjenester for de svake og fattige i samfunnet. Deres interesse er å skape økonomisk og sosial verdi. En sosial entreprenør er ikke en hvilken som helst gründer, og sosialt entreprenørskap er ikke tuftet på lysten å fremsette originale ideer. Vellykkede sosiale entreprenører bygger sine entrepriser på innovasjoner, og de viser både vilje og handlekraft til å ”utføre de nye kombinasjoner”. Begrepet sosial entreprenør er fortsatt et relativt nytt begrep her til lands. Betegnelsen er hentet fra engelsk og amerikansk litteratur.

Arbeid, innovasjon ...

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

Arbeid, innovasjon og livets strevsommelighet

er publisert i Ekonomiska Samfundets Tidskrift nr 3/2012

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Nye jobbmuligheter oppstår ikke som resultat av "de små skritts utvikling" i den statiske økonomi eller i kunnskapsindustrien. Innovasjon tilfører, som et biprodukt nye jobber til samfunnet og innebærer at gamle og foreldete repetitive mønstre i produksjonsfunksjonene byttes ut mot nye dynamiske metoder hvor de arbeidere som allerede er sysselsatt etterspørres til produksjonsprosser hvor deres forutsetninger som arbeidskraft allerede er prøvet. Mennesker flest er ydmyke og de kjemper for å holde sine liv gående. Derfor er de takknemlige når politikere står frem for å ta ledelsen, ikke bare over samfunnet men også over menneskers liv.

I Schumpeters fotspor

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

I Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeters fotspor

er publisert i Ekonomiska Samfundets Tidskrift nr 1/2014

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Dr. Joseph A. Schumpeter var 29 år gammel da hans banebrytende bok, Teorier om økonomisk utvikling, ble publisert. Han var da også landets yngste professor i økonomi. Selv hevdet han at den viktigste perioden i et menneskes liv er dets tredje tiår. 100 år senere er hans navn omkranset med betegnelser som verdenskjent økonom, minister, sosialfilosof og humanist. I denne artikkel vil flere viktige forhold i Schumpeters 1912 teori bli analysert: hans unge år og sosiale bakgrunn, de store forskjeller i forhold til innarbeidede myter og falske dogmer og teoriens aktualitet i dag.

Entreprenørprofitt

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

Introduksjon til Joseph Alois Schumpeter:
Entreprenørprofitt - et insitament til demokratisk utvikling

er publisert i Ekonomiska Samfundets Tidskrift nr 1/2011

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Denne artikkel presenterer en analyse av entreprenørprofitten som et insitament til demokratisk samfunnsutvikling. Den automatiske endringsprosess, frembåret av FoU og innovasjon på bestilling, basert på flertallsbeslutninger fattet i de lukkede rom, er verken årsak eller resultat når samfunnet endres i en mer demokratisk retning. Entreprenørskap er ikke politikk, men vellykket entreprenørskap har potensialet til å påvirke politikken og det politiske system i demokratisk retning.

Udviklingsfronten i sosialt entreprenørskap...

Udviklingsfronten i sosialt entreprenørskap og dets potensial som demokratisk kraft

CSE Publications 10:10
Center for Socialt Entreprenørskab Roskilde Universitet

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Denne oversiktsartikkel presenterer et utvalg av artikler med forskjellige vinkler på sosi-alt entreprenørskap hvor tanker og teorier viser at individets rettigheter og muligheter til full delaktighet i samfunnet kan kreve nye innfallsvinkler i produksjon, fordeling og utvikling av sosiale goder og derigjennom også styrke demokratiet som forfatningsform.

Human Resource Develop...

Human Resource Development in Global
Social Entrepreneurship

HRD Journal
Volume 5. Number 1
June 2014

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There is a special human talent in the world, embedded in the economy, like an endogenous factor, whose existence under certain circumstances brings a change to society, a change that alters the traditional way of production and societal organization. The change represents a potential for democratic development of the society. It`s fruits give rise to increase of quantity of life, personal freedom, peace and prosperity, wealth and social independence, and a better and more secure future. Is it possible to develop this important human resource and what could the methods be to do so?

Importance of Innovation

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

The Importance of Innovation for Democratic
and Economic Development in Europe

er publisert i Chernivitsi Univerity
Science Bulletin

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Since the economic recession of 2007/08 many politicians, governments, scholars and practitioners have launched their ideas and theories on how to counteract unemployment, economic destruction, social exclusion, youth hopelessness, and tendencies of dissolution throughout Europe, which to a large extent threatens the stability and common understanding of Europe as a peaceful and democratic region (Krugman, 2012). Mainstream policies and ideologies have pointed towards economic bailouts and volunteering programs for youth employment as efficient weapons against social, economic and democratic defeat. The main themes have thus been that the state should secure existing jobs and create an environment for providing new job abilities, especially for marginalized groups in society like youth, immigrants and refugees, women, the poor and disabled, and graduating students, to mention just a few groups (European Commission: Employment Package, 2012).

I Den Unge Schumpeters fotspor

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

I den Unge Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeters fotspor

er publisert i Ekonomiska Samfundets Tidskrift nr 2/2014

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Den unge Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeter ga verden en ekstraordinær teori om økonomisk utvikling i sin bok Theorie der Wirtschafltichen Entwicklung (engelsk tittel: The Theory of Economic Development) publisert i Leipzig i 1912. Entreprenørprofitt – resultatet av vellykket entreprenørskap – er ikke en motivasjonsfaktor hevdet Schumpeter, men å grunnlegge et privat kongerike, viljen til å erobre og gleden av å skape er det. Hvor fikk den unge Schumpeter disse ideene fra? Er det mulig å lete frem noen spor fra hans tidlige erfaringer og familiære bakgrunn som forklarende faktorer?

In the Footsteps of the Early Joseph Schumpeter

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

In the Footsteps of The Early Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeter
er publisert i

II INTERNATIONAL SCHUMPETER'S FORUM OF ECONOMICS 2013

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The early Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeter gave the world an extraordinary theory of economic growth in his book Theorie der Wirtshaflichen Entwicklung, published in Leipzig in 1912. Entrepreneurial profit – the result of successful entrepreneurship - is not a motivating factor Schumpeter argues, but to found a private kingdom, the will to conquer and the joy to create are. Where did the early Schumpeter get those ideas? Is it possible to trace down some clues from his early experiences of life and family background as explanatory factors?

In the Footsteps of the Early Joseph Schumpeter

Scientific Bulletin of Chernivtsi National University 750

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

In the Footsteps of The Early Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeter
er publisert i

Scientific Bulletin of Chernivtsi National University

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At the age of 29, Joseph A. Schumpeter published his revolutionizing book, Theorie der Wirtshaftlichen Entwicklung (English title: Theory of Economic Development). He was then the youngest professor in economy in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. He asserted that the most important period in a human’s life was the third decade. 100 years later his name is celebrated with distinguished words as world-renowned economist, minister, social philosopher and humanist. In this article several main topics related to Schumpeter's 1912 theory will be analyzed: his early years and social background, big distinctions in relation to established myths and false dogmas and the relevance of the theory today.

In the Early Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeter's Footsteps

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

In the Early Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeter's Footsteps
Marriage, Tragedy and Emigration
er publisert i

Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Economics, 2015; 9

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At the age of 42 Joseph Alois Schumpeter married the 20 years younger Anna ("Annie") Josefina Reisinger. Joseph Schumpeter is looking forward to being a father, and the couple have a child, Joseph, but both Annie and the baby dies during confinement. The tragedy is a fact, and Schumpeter loses the joy of scientific creativity and concentration. His existence is concurrently burdened by private financial problems. He holds fast to his creative youth work, Theorie der wirtschaftlichen
Entwicklung, which is a companion through life and the foundation stone of modern entrepreneurial research worldwide. The article analyzes the important events in Schumpeter's life and its importance to scientific development in economic theory.
The article analyzes the important events in Schumpeter's life and its importance to scientific development in economic theory. Theorie der wirtshaftlichen Entwicklung (English title; The Theory of Economic Development) was first published in 1912.

The Search Goes on - In the World Libraries

Aukstuju mokyklu vaidmuo issukiai tendencijos ir perspektyvos 2015 Nr 4

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

THE SEARCH GOES ON – IN THE WORLD LIBRARIES
er publisert i

ROLE OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS IN SOCIETY: CHALLENGES, TENDENCIES AND PERSPECTIVES
Academic papers Nr. 1 (4) - 2015

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There are possibly more than one million libraries throughout the world today. It is nevertheless obvious that not all scientific researchers or general users of libraries have access to relevant and valuable literature to the extent that is desirable and appropriate. What literature in the English language on innovation, entrepreneurship, and social entrepreneurship is available in the world libraries, and is there interest in acquiring more? This article presents analysis and results after visiting 93 libraries in 61 countries on four continents.

In The Early Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeter's Footsteps –Research Highlights

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

In The Early Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeter's Footsteps –Some Resarch Highlights!
er publisert i

Joseph Aloiz Schumpeter’S Scientific Heritage And Today: A View From The Past Into The Future

Proceedings of III International Schumpeter’s Conference

21-22 of October, 2016

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In 2012, I started a research program: In the footsteps of Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeter. The same year marked the 100 years anniversary of the first publishing of Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeter´s Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung (English title; The Theory of Economic Development). The program included many activities; visiting main sites where the famous economist used to live and work, indepth interviews with key persons on site, research in relevant archives, collecting and spreading information about Schumpeter’s science globally through academic institutions, libraries, organizations, forums and summits. This article focuses on the research highlights based on the four-year global research period and my previous research (Sandal, 2003).

In The Early Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeter's Footsteps –Some Research Highlights

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

In The Early Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeter's Footsteps –Some Resarch Highlights!
er publisert i

Scientific Bulletin of Chernivtsi University:
Economics: Coll. Science. pr. Vol. 777 778

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In 2012, I started a research program: In the footsteps of Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeter. The same year marked the 100 years anniversary of the first publishing of Joseph Alois Julius Schumpeter´s Theorie der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung (English title; The Theory of Economic Development). The program included many activities; visiting main sites where the famous economist used to live and work, in-depth interviews with key persons on site, research in relevant archives, collecting and spreading information about Schumpeter’s science globally through academic institutions, libraries, organizations, forums and summits. This article focuses on the research highlights based on the four-year global research period and my previous research (Sandal, 2003).

Innovation In Education – Dynamic Innovative Learning Methods As Approach To Independent Science

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

Innovation In Education – Dynamic Innovative Learning Methods As Approach To Independent Science
er publisert i

Ukraine – Eu. Modern Technology, Business And Law
April 3–8, 2017
Slovakia-Austria-Hungary
Collection Of International Scientific Papers

Chernihiv 2017

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Liberal learning is under attack all over the world today [6]. It is not only the modern technology, like the social media and free online courses that represents the treat [2], but also moreover, the attitude that education is the key to a future job. In Europe, as in the USA, however, that is not the case, a master’s degree, or even a double master’s degree cannot guarantee a success on the job market for the prospective applicant. Higher education is looked upon as a bridge to a successful job position and a well to do society. However, lecturing and examination based on the traditional methods and curricula can only produce more of the same output from the university system. This fact is the core problem with higher education, not only today, but also in a historic perspective.

How innovation maintains and develops democracy

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

How innovation maintains and develops democracy
er publisert i

Economic Annals-ХХI: Volume 165, Issue 5-6, Pages: 23-26
October 11, 2017

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Innovation is a superior driving force for economic development in a capital, marketbased economy. Entrepreneurs carry out innovations, be it business or social entrepreneurs. Theoretically, according to the Franco-Austrian-Norwegian (FAN) scientific tradition, innovation is defined as a new combination of the first and second input factors in a production function. The result of successful business and social entrepreneurship is economic development, equal rights, a better world, peace, freedom, a more secure society for everyone, as well as technological, economic and social progress. These are all parameters that define the modern Western style democracy, and even more, these prerequisites represent the conditions for the maintenance, construction and dissemination of democracy to new territories throughout the world. Successful entrepreneurs are private individuals whose role can never be substituted by any group of members, be it political parties, governments, boards of directors, committees or power based authorities like the political boss. Throughout history, we have seen national states, big and small, trying to overrule the wisdom of science and that they have failed. We have seen the horrors imposed on civil populations, both nationally and globally, as a result of the failed Marxist-based socialist political ideology concerning the distribution of wealth. The process of wealth creation lays the foundation of a democracy, and only individuals can undertake the formation of economic progress.

Innovation As Strategic Competitiveness

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

Innovation As Strategic Competitiveness
er publisert i

Competitiveness And Innovations: Problems Of Science And Practice
November 16–17, 2017

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Even though innovation scientifically is defined as a spontaneous change of the use of the first and second input factors in the production function, its consequences on the market might represent strategic competitiveness. A spontaneous change in the production function based on the new combination of Land and Labor is not the result of a predictable action, and its capability of altering the market is not based on a strategic vision. Furthermore, innovation is not a response to the market situation, because opportunities to innovate will always be present, and no one or no formal body can dictate or manipulate the process of innovation. Entrepreneurs carry out innovations. These men are strong individuals, but they are not motivated by making a profit. Their goal is rather to succeed with their efforts.

Financial Intermediaries In The Process

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

Financial Intermediaries In The Process Of Carrying Out The New Combinations In Entrepreurship

er publisert i

I I International Scientific And Practical ConferenceFinancial Instruments Of The Sustainable Economic Development

Mars 20, 2018

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The banker is not only representing the role of the financial intermediaries in time and space, but “he is actually the ephor of the exchange economy” [1, p. 74]. Development, in the theory of Schumpeter (1912), is defined as the carrying out of the new combinations. That is the new combination of the first and second input factors (land and labor) in the production function. To produce other things, or produce more differently than previously, constitutes development. The new combination is actually, scientifically and theoretically, the meaning of innovation. The production means are always recruited from the use in which they already are occupied, not from the unused, potential sources in society, unemployed work force, unsold raw materials, unused production capacity and so forth. When the
production means are being withdrawn from their previous occupations, it is done by use of credits or equity capital.

Consequences Of External Entrepreneurship Funding

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

Consequences Of External Entrepreneurship Funding

er publisert i

Ukraine – Eu. Innovations In Education, Technology, Business And Law

April 24, 2018

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The business of the entrepreneur is entrepreneurship. It has shown that external entrepreneurship funding, as a pattern, tends to support the wrong people and projects. However, the successful entrepreneur will always overcome all kinds of hindrances, also the inconveniences, disappointments and indignation by what might be perceived as unfair treatment. External entrepreneurship funding indicates that the person is working under someone else and that is not entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship is independent and individual economic business.

Innovation Management Based On Judgmental Decision

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

Innovation Management Based On Judgmental Decision

er publisert i

Harkiv National Economic University Named After Simon Kuznets
Abstracts Of Reports
International Scientific-Practical Conference "Economic Development And Legacy Of Seeds Of Kuznets" May 31 - June 1, 2018

Kharkiv 2018

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Innovation management is a scientific topic that stretches back to the era of the French Physiocrats. Its meaning is the coordination of goals and resources efficiently based on planning, organizing, staffing, leading and controlling in the process of innovation. Actually, innovation management is also deeply involved in business philosophy and reflects the fundamental principles that underline formation and operation of an enterprise: the nature and purpose of the business and its role in society, influenced by philosophy, ethics and economic theory. The primary goal of any business is to make a profit, be it in monetary terms or otherwise. Products and services are the means that secure the creation of a profit as the primary goal and output based on the production function. In classical term, the production function is run by a set of input factors, land, labor and capital. The meaning of management, as a philosophy and a pragmatic tool is to secure the optimal use of time and resources and to gain market shares by successful competition, all conducted through and by the production function.

World Tendencies Of The Development Of Small And Medium Size Enterprises

2nd InternationalScientific PracticalConference2018

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

World Tendencies Of The Development Of Small And Medium Size Enterprises

er publisert i

II International Scientific and Practical Conference,
Small And Medium Enterprise: Problems And Prospects For Development In Ukraine.

November 2018

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Small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) are, and have been of a significant value all over the world, both for the ease of access to commodities and services and as a base for innovation and thereby the creative destruction and reinforcement and diffusion of democratic values [1].

Actual Problems of the Development of Science and Innovation

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

Actual Problems of the Development of Science and Innovation

er publisert i

Materials International Scientific-Practical Internet Conference
"Competitiveness And Innovation: Problems Of Science And Practice"

November 2018

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There is a clear connection between science and innovation. Both are derived from the same process. Innovation, Joseph A. Schumpeter explains [1] is a new combination of the input factors land and labor in the production function. Innovation makes it possible to do something that previously could not be done, or at least not so efficiently. Successful innovation carried out by young men is the power behind creative destruction [2], the process that makes everything new, and on a higher technological and economical level. It has the power to make the world a better place for everyone. When the process of transformation has started, it will go on from a higher level and intensify its own path into the future until the peak has been reached and regression occurs; the business cycle

Modern Approaches And Innovative Methods

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

Modern Approaches And Innovative Methods Of Study In Higher Educational Establishments

er publisert i

I International Research And Practice Conference
«Competitiveness Of Higher Education Of Ukrane In The Conditions Of Information Society»

November 2018

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The idea that learning methods can be changed and improved is not a new thought; it stretches a long way back in time [3] [6]. Learning is traditionally understood as the process of transmitting, for memorizing and adapting knowledge that the ruling elite defines as important and non-threatening to the establishment and to preserve cultural and religious values in the society. Anyhow, there is another aspect to the learning process, and that is cost efficiency. The traditional educational system is characterized by as much information to as many individuals for as less expenses as possible, considering time is money. Why education? The main purpose is to train the farmer, the worker and the capitalist proficiency in their skills, to preserve the culture and religion, everything within the framework of a static production where individual life and societal structure are predictable. For the vast majority of the students, preparation for application for jobs and obtaining jobs by thereby covering own living expenses and income tax payments to the government are of the highest value behind the modern higher education worldwide. The aim is not to change anything, but to keep everything in place. Traditional education is all about what we already know and what we already can do on the national level. Even thou education is a competitive factor in warfare and is being used as a political tool in comparison and propaganda within and between nations; its function is still on the static level.

Innovation And Investment Bases For The Development

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

Innovation And Investment Bases For The Development Of Agribusiness In Rural Areaser publisert i

Development Of Mechanism Of Public Administration
By Development Of Agricultural Territories As Priority Of The State Development Policy

Desember 2018

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Agribusiness is not a new phenomenon in the social system even thou the term was coined around 1955 [3]. The modern definition of agribusiness covers the operations of farming, production of agricultural commodities, manufacturing, storing and distribution of farming equipment and supplies. Rural areas are land outside the city with low population density, and are usually not included in the urban definition. As income rise and diets change, new opportunities in emerging industries are rapidly created, but smallholder farmers and their increased access to the market is necessary to strengthen food value chains [5]. The talk of town in agribusiness innovation and investment bases globally today is concentrated around value-added agribusiness products based on a World Bank Agribusiness Entrepreneurship Program for growth oriented entrepreneurs in agro processing [6]. Mega funding are redefying the agtech investment landscape besides microfinance, driven by private and national owned banks, invest networks, NGOs, private funds and national development funds [4].

Factors Influencing Consumer Behaviour Management

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

Factors Influencing Consumer Behaviour Management

International Congress On Business And Marketing 2018

Proceedings

Desember 2018

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Since the early stages of market exchange development, traders learned and could understand their consumers in the process of constant communication with them. Current scale of markets and economy have significantly complicated the interaction between seller and buyer and the only way out is coming from constant and thorough consumer research.
The main task of any commercial enterprise management is to research how consumers react to the different marketing incentives that enterprise can apply. The enterprise, which has figured out how consumers react to different product characteristics, prices and advertising, will have a huge advantage over competitors. That is the reason why both managers and scientists spend so much time researching the dependencies between the motivating factors implied by company’s management and consumer responses.

Innovativeness and Efficiency of Investments

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

nnovativeness and Efficiency of Investments Undertaken by Networking Companies

is published in

WSB University in Poznan Press Research Journal 2018, Vol. 81, No 4
ISSN 1426-9724

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The aim of this article is to show correlations between the level of innovativeness and effectiveness of investments undertaken by networking companies of different size. One of the most important long-term problems related to the functioning and the development of enterprises in the market economy is the level of investments implemented by economic entities of different size. In order to establish its market position and be able to expand, each company not only needs to be efficient
in its current management but must also make good decisions concerning the introduction of product and process innovations. Many companies analyzed in the study were reluctant to innovate for fear of the costs involved. However, an increase in the level of innovation may positively contribute to a higher level of investment on the part of economic entities operating in various structures.

A Lost Opportunity in the Process of Carrying ...

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

A Lost Opportunity In The Process Of Carrying Out The New Combinations In Entrepreneurship

is published in

Financial Instruments Sustainable Development Of The Economy
ІI International Scientific-Practical Conference

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In modern literature on entrepreneurship and innovation, we have been confronted with all kinds of presentations pointing to individuals or structures behind the role as entrepreneur. However, is it truth that everyone can be or should be filling the role as an entrepreneur, be it in the business sector or the social sector? Scientific approaches to the phenomena of the entrepreneur have caught our interests all the way back to the French Physiocrats and we have an extended amount of scientific definitions based on approved criteria behind the deeper understanding of the person and the activities that we usually denotes as entrepreneur. The entrepreneur is an individual person, a male, not a female, he makes certain combinations of the first and second input factors of the production function, the result is entrepreneurial profit, belonging to himself, dividends are not paid and the entrepreneur is not a salaried worker, just to mention some of the basic criteria

Concept Clarification ...

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

Concept Clarification Of The Entrepreneur In Foreign Language Teaching

is published in

Annual Conference On Current Foreign Languages Teaching Issues In Higher Education - Conference Proceedings

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In our time, the word entrepreneur is on everyone’s lips, old and young, every gender, poor and rich, in science, politics, and religion, it can be read and heard everywhere. However, the meaning of the concept differs from place to place, over time and from language to language. When lecturing entrepreneurship in a foreign language there will of course be some challenges connected to the cultural, linguistic, social, political and geographical traditional background of the students and the institutions where the education is taking place. The scientifical research presented in this abstract is based on analysis of the concept of the entrepreneur over time and space stretching from the French Physiocrats to our time.

Entrepreneurship & Gender

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

Entrepreneurship & Gender – Myths Or The Scientific Truth?

is published in

Summit 60 Anniversary 10 Years Bulletin of Chernivtsi National University no 804

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The research goal of the article is to determine if gender other than the male has played a role in the scientific history of entrepreneurship and to analyze the meaning of gender as a determining factor of the science of innovation and entrepreneurship of today. The action of the entrepreneur is entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship is the carrying out of new combinations, which constitutes the innovation. The science and history of entrepreneurship dedicate that mission to the male. This fact constitutes the scientific truth. The myths are based on the opposite. Imputing entrepreneurship on women, in particular lower class women, is a devastating political and state owned academy based incorrectness that inflicts not only on the individual woman, but on the whole society.

Museum Science and the Creation....

ABSTRACT2019CompetitivenessInnovationProblemsJanUSandal

Dr. Jan-Urban Sandals artikkel

Museum Science and the Creation of Artifacts based on the Production Functionis published in

International Scientific and Practical Internet Conference "Competitiveness and Innovations: Problems of Science and Practice"
ISBN ISBN 978-617-7801-07-7
November 2019

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Museum is a rather old form of preserving and displaying items of values and stretches far back in human history. The reasons for collecting, preserving and displaying items are many.
The meaning and purpose of the museum is “for the increase and diffusion of knowledge”, James Smithson stated in 1829 (Smithson, 1829). Museums are a base for knowledge, its increase and diffusion in time and space. How is knowledge, the increase of knowledge and its diffusion produced? It is produced through the scientific process. Museum science is the process of production of knowledge, its increase and diffusion.

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Artikkelen kan bestilles i papirutgave direkte fra forfatteren.
Artikkel No. 96, 2004 / ISSN 1101-346X

pris NOK 90,-

Bestill artikkelen her
For å lese hele artikkelen, trykk her